Are there any electronic hearing protection devices, like something that does the opposite of a hearing aid?

I have very sensitive ears. I can hear very well, but sometimes this causes problems. Sounds that seem to be at a normal level for other people cause me a lot of pain, especially sounds at a higher pitch. This is a day-to-day thing, when I cringe or cover my ears, and other people barely react. Are there any devices that block out loud sounds, that kind of do the opposite of a hearing aid. I'm looking for something that will allow me to still be able to hear clearly, but without the pain (regular earplugs don't work - it all or nothing with those). Better yet, are there any devices like this that are affordable? And if you can answer why these seemingly normal noise levels are so painful to me, that would be great, too.